How To Use Et Al In Letter

For sources with one two or three authors list all author names in your in text citations whether footnotes or author date.

How to use et al in letter. As such the first citation should spell out all their names and any subsequent citation can include et al. It does take a period after the second word even when it falls in the middle of a sentence. In apa 7 for a work with three or more authors list the first author and et al for all citations including the first citation unless doing so would create ambiguity. Any time you have more than two authors the potential for using et al. It can sound unnatural when read aloud so an unabbreviated english equivalent is often better in less formal writing.

The most common use of et al. Is best reserved for citations and other parenthetical remarks in academic or other types of formal writing. The use of et al. Notes and bibliography and author date style. As usual but also include lowercase letters after the year 2010a 2010b etc to tell the references apart.

It is important to use these abbreviations literally and to punctuate them correctly. Is an abbreviation of the latin phrase et alia which means and others et al. Does not need to be italicized in normal use. Many writers confuse e g and i e and many type et al improperly or do not properly recognize what words it represents. The use of et al is the same in both styles.

For more information and examples on citing references in text see chapter 6 of our sixth edition publication manual pp. Is found in essays research papers and legal writings. The term et al. Et alia et al is latin for and others et al is most commonly used in a list of people particularly when referring to the authors of an academic publication. With in text citation is there.

Dear and hello are warm positive words et al the abbreviation of et alii is about as friendly as a flu shot they don t fit well together. On the subsequent citations for three four or five authors. In general et al. Note that this rule has changed from apa 6 guidelines on using et al which recommend listing all author names in the first citation up to five authors but then. Many people do not know the meaning of et al so using it will confuse readers.